Gender-based differences of inflammatory, coagulation, and cardiac markers in COVID-19 patients in Erbil city

Shukur Wasman Smail, Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan UniversityFollow
Zhikal Omar Khudhur, Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University
Sonia Elia Ishaq, Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Regional Government. Erbil-Iraq
Rebaz Hamza Salih, Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Regional Government. Erbil-Iraq. PAR Private Hospital, Kurdistan Regional Government. Erbil-Iraq
Karzan Abdullah, Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Regional Government.PAR Private Hospital. School of Medicine, University of Kurdistan Hewler.Zanco Private Hospital

Corresponding Author

Shukur Wasman Smail

Authors ORCID

0000-0001-8188-2540

Document Type

Research Article

Abstract

In December 2019, a new coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in Wuhan city and quickly became a global health issue. COVID-19 causes various symptoms ranging from no symptoms to potentially deadly pneumonia. The study aimed to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on immune response and the differences in inflammatory, coagulation, and cardiac biomarkers between male and female patients. Between June 1st and November 1st, 2020, 95 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals were studied at Zanko Hospital. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed using the real-time RT-PCR technique. All cases were analyzed for clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data. On average, the patients were 50.64 (SEM= 2.359) years old, with 61 males and 34 females. Thepatients had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), which was 43.96 (SEM= 6.154), while the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 50.50 (SEM= 5.498). The mean of D-Dimer, ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were 1.204 (SEM= 0.164), 534.7 (SEM= 61.48),and 366.6 (SEM= 36.81), respectively. There were no significant differences in the study's data mentioned above between male and female patients. In conclusion, inflammation is the most prominent symptom in COVID-19 patients, and males and females are nearly equally affected

Keywords

COVID-19, D-dimer, inflammatory markers, LDH, sex difference

How to Cite This Article

Smail, Shukur Wasman; Khudhur, Zhikal Omar; Ishaq, Sonia Elia; Salih, Rebaz Hamza; and Abdullah, Karzan (2023) "Gender-based differences of inflammatory, coagulation, and cardiac markers in COVID-19 patients in Erbil city," Polytechnic Journal: Vol. 12: Iss. 2, Article 5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v12n2y2022.pp42-46