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Document Type

Review

Abstract

The increasing worldwide water shortage demands the immediate implementation of advanced, sustainable wastewater treatment solutions. Nanotechnology provides promising options through nanomaterials, including metal oxides, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and carbon-based composites, which show high removal efficiencies of 50–98% for organic contaminants and 80–99% for inorganic pollutants. This review analyzes various nanomaterials used in wastewater treatment by examining their functional mechanisms, including adsorption, catalytic degradation, and membrane-based separation, and assesses their performance relative to traditional methods. It addresses the major barriers to large-scale implementation, including high production expenses, ecological dangers, and scalability problems. The paper stresses the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration between academia, industry, and policymakers to develop sustainable nanotechnology solutions that are economically viable. The successful adoption of nanomaterials in water management practices depends on balancing performance capabilities, safety standards, and scalability requirements. This review demonstrates how nanotechnology can transform wastewater pollution management through economic and ecological assessments.

Receive Date

05/02/2025

Revise Date

02/07/2025

Accept Date

22/07/2025

Publication Date

9-17-2025

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