•  
  •  
 

Document Type

Original Article

Abstract

Borate-based glasses modified with alkali oxides are of considerable interest due to their tunable structural and optical properties, which are important for optical and energy storage applications. In this work, glasses with a novel nominal composition of xLi2O-(75-x) B2O3—20Bi2O3—5V2O5, in which (x ¼ 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mol %) were produced using the traditional melt-quenching technique to investigate the effect of substituting the glass former B2O3 with the modifier Li2O. The structural and optical properties were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV—visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirms the amorphous nature of the samples produced. The density increased from 2.955 to 3.499 g/cm3 with increasing Li2O content, while the molar volume decreased, indicating compaction of the borate network due to lithium ions' network-modifying role. Optical investigations demonstrated a shift of the absorption edge towards shorter wavelengths with increasing Li2O content. The optical band gap of lithium-modified borate glasses can be tuned by adjusting the lithium content. The indirect optical band gap values range from 2.13 to 2.52 eV, with a maximum at x ¼ 15 mol %, and the Urbach energy analysis indicated that this mixture exhibited a more homogeneous structure. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of BO3 and BO4 structural units in the glass, and the addition of Li2O enhanced the asymmetric stretching vibrations of BO3. This study found that Li2O concentration significantly influences the structure, density, and optical properties of borate glasses, with x ¼ 15 mol % regarded as the best composition. Further investigations employing electrochemical methods, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy, are recommended to evaluate their practical application and productivity.

Receive Date

03/12/2025

Revise Date

04/02/2026

Accept Date

15/02/2026

Publication Date

3-10-2026

References

[1] Sayyed M, Abdel-Ghany A, Askin A, Sedqy E, Sadeq M. The structure, optical basicity, ligand field strength and shielding parameters of alkali/alkaline borate glasses doped with V2O5. Opt Mater 2023;142:114078. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.optmat.2023.114078. Get rights and content.

[2] Kolavekar SB, Ayachit N. Impact of Pr2O3 on the physical and optical properties of multi-component borate glasses. Mater Chem Phys 2021;257:123796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. matchemphys.2020.123796.

[3] Alkhammash HI, Ibrahim AM, Fouad S. Enhancement of dielectric properties of borate glasses doped BaTiO3 for energy storage devices: characterization of optical, thermal and electrical properties. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 2022; 33(21):17048—63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08582-2.

[4] Dua V, Arya S, Singh K. Review on transition metals containing lithium borate glasses properties, applications and perspectives. J Mater Sci 2023;58(21):8678—99. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10853-023-08567-4.

[5] Mahlovanyi B, Truax M, Luchechko A, Shpotyuk Y, Yang G, Golovchak R, et al. Optical properties and tunable luminescence of Ce3+/Dy3+ doped lithium borate glasses for photonic applications. J Lumin 2023;263:120120. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2023.120120.

[6] Chen Y, Zhao Y, Liu F, Ding M, Wang J, Jiang J, et al. Structural and electrochemical properties of Li2O-V2O5- B2O3-Bi2O3 glass and glass-ceramic cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Molecules 2022;28(1):229. https://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules28010229.

[7] Wang H, Li J, Yin Y, Chen J, Wang L, Zhang P, et al. Effects of V2O5 and Fe2O3 on the structures and electrochemical performances of Li2O-V2O5-B2O3 glass materials in lithiumion batteries. J Alloys Compd 2021;879:160293. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160293.

[8] Bhemarajam J, Syam Prasad P, Mohan Babu M, Ozcan € M, Prasad M. Investigations on structural and optical properties of various modifier oxides (MO= ZnO, CdO, BaO, and PbO) containing bismuth borate lithium glasses. J Compos Sci 2021;5(12):308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5120308.

[9] Sharma G, Danewalia S, Bansal N, Khan S, Pandher N, Singh K. Effect of Li2O on dielectric, structural and optical properties of yttrium borosilicate glasses. Mater Sci Eng B 2024;306:117461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2024.117461.

[10] Pujari N, Birampally K, Edukondalu A, Vardhani C. Effect of Li2O content on structural and optical properties of Li2OTeO2-As2O3-B2O3 glasses. J Phys Chem Solid 2021;148: 109627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2020.109627.

[11] Sanz Gonzalez O,  Haro-Poniatowski E, Gonzalo de los Reyes J, Fernandez Navarro JM. Influence of the melting conditions of heavy metal oxide glasses containing bismuth oxide on their optical absorption. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jnoncrysol.2006.02.002; 200

[12] Effect of V2O5 on the properties of lithium bismuth borate glasses. In: Raut V, Deshpande A, Satpute N, editors. J Phys Conf. IOP Publishing; 2020. 1495: 012033. https://iopscience. iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1495/1/012033/meta.

[13] Kaaouass A, Ali AB, Alloun F, Zarrouk A, Saadi M. Structural, thermal and physical properties of the calcium borovanadate glasses belonging to the 40CaO-(60—x) B2O3- xV2O5 system. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 2022;13:48. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC131.048.

[14] Moustafa F, Abdel-Baki M, Fayad A, El-Diasty F. Role of mixed valence effect and orbital hybridization on molar volume of heavy metal glass for ionic conduction pathways augmentation. Am J Mater Sci 2014;4(3):119—26. https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/308098283.

[15] Mwakuna AE, Laxmikanth C, Manepalli R. Effect of replacing B2O3 with CuO on the structural, optical absorption, thermal, mechanical, and gamma-ray shielding properties of B2O3—Bi2O3—K2O glass. Opt Mater 2024;157: 116282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116282.

[16] Eraiah B. Experimental and theoretical approach on the physical, structural and optical properties of ZrO2-Na2OB2O3 glasses doped with Dy2O3. J Non-Cryst Solids 2021; 551:120394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120394.

[17] Abdel-karim AM, Fayad A, El-Kashef I, Saleh HA. Influence of vanadium oxide on the optical and electrical properties of Li (oxide or fluoride) borate glasses. J Electron Mater 2023; 52(4):2409—20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-10187-8.

[18] Raut V, Deshpande A, Satpute N. Study on the modification in physical and optical properties of lithium bismuth borate glasses with vanadium oxide addition. Res Trend Chal Phy Sci 2021;5:140—9. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rtcps/v5/ 1928C.

[19] Mott NF, Davis EA. Electronic processes in non-crystalline materials. OUP Oxford; 2012.

[20] Bulus I, Isah M, Garba M, Hussin R, Dalhatu S. Influence of Eu3+ dopant on physical and optical properties of lithiumborosulfophosphate glasses. Niger J Technol Dev 2018;15(4): 121—7. https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v15i4.3.

[21] Dalal S, Khasa S, Dahiya M, Yadav A, Agarwal A, Dahiya S. Optical and thermal investigations on vanadyl doped zinc lithium borate glasses. J Asian Ceramic Soc 2015;3(3):234—9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2015.03.004.

[22] Nidzam NNS, Kamari HM, Sukari MSM, Alauddin FAM, Laoding H, Azlan M, et al. Comparison study of elastic, physical and structural properties for strontium oxide and manganese oxide in borotellurite glasses for high strength glass application. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022; 32(1):353—64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02134-7.

[23] Motke SG, Yawale SP, Yawale SS. Infrared spectra of zinc doped lead borate glasses. Bull Mater Sci 2002;25(1):75—8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02704599.

[24] Singh D, Singh K, Bajwa B, Mudahar G, Singh D, Arora M, et al. Optical and structural properties of Li2O—Al2O3—B2O3 glasses before and after γ-irradiation effects. J Appl Phys 2008;104(10). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3003070.

[25] Edukondalu A, Kavitha B, Samee M, Ahmmed SK, Rahman S, Kumar KS. Mixed alkali tungsten borate glasses—optical and structural properties. J Alloys Compd 2013;552:157—65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10. 010.

[26] Padmaja G, Kistaiah P. Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies on alkali borate glasses: evidence of mixed alkali effect. J Phys Chem 2009;113(11):2397—404. https://doi.org/ 10.1021/jp809318e.

[27] Afyon S, Krumeich F, Mensing C, Borgschulte A, Nesper R. New high capacity cathode materials for rechargeable Liion batteries: vanadate-borate glasses. Sci Rep 2014;4(1): 7113. https://www.nature.com/articles/srep07113.

[28] Baia L, Stefan R, Kiefer W, Popp J, Simon S. Structural investigations of copper doped B2O3—Bi2O3 glasses with high bismuth oxide content. J Non-Cryst Solids 2002;303:379—86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01042-6.

[29] Pisarski WA, Pisarska J, Ryba-Romanowski W. Structural role of rare earth ions in lead borate glasses evidenced by infrared spectroscopy: BO3↔ BO4 conversion. J Mol Struct 2005;744:515—20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.01. 022.

30] Sindhu S, Sanghi S, Agarwal A, Seth V, Kishore N. Structural, optical, physical and electrical properties of V2O5· SrO· B2O3 glasses. Spectrochim Acta Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2006;64(1):196—204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2005.06.039.

[31] Dantas NO, Ayta WE, Silva AC, Cano NF, Silva SW, Morais PC. Effect of Fe2O3 concentration on the structure of the SiO2—Na2O—Al2O3—B2O3 glass system. Spectrochim Acta Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011;81(1):140—3. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.saa.2011.05.074.

[32] Abdel-Hameed SA, Fathi AM, Elwan R, Margha FH. Effect of F− and B3+ ions and heat treatment on the enhancement of electrochemical and electrical properties of nanosized LiTi2 (PO4) 3 glass-ceramic for lithium-ion batteries. J Alloys Compd 2020;832:154943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom. 2020.154943.

[33] Arya S, Danewalia SS, Arora M, Singh K. Effect of variable oxidation states of vanadium on the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of B2O3—Li2O—ZnO—V2O5 glasses. J Phys Chem B 2016;120(47):12168—76. https://doi.org/10. 1021/acs.jpcb.6b08285.

[34] Marzouk S, Azooz M, Elsaghier H, Zidan NA, Abbas W. Structural and optical properties of barium titanium borate glasses doped with ytterbium. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 2022;33(22):18054—71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022- 08665-0.

[35] Halimah M, Chiew W, Sidek H, Daud W, Wahab Z, Khamirul A, et al. Optical properties of lithium borate glass (Li2O) x (B2O3). Sains Malays 2014;43(6):899—902. https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/286948594.

[36] Tariq A, Tahir MB, Dahshan A, Ahmed B, Sagir M. Lithium doping effect on structural, electronic and optical properties of KCaF3 fluoroperovskite: DFT insights using GGA-PBE. Inorg Chem Commun 2023;158:111475. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.inoche.2023.111475.

Download

Share

COinS