•  
  •  
 

Document Type

Original Article

Abstract

In this paper, electrodeposition technique has been successfully utilized to fabricate arrays of ferromagnetic nanowires in different templates with various compositions and dimensions. These templates were dissolved by some chemical solutions and the nanowires were released in dilute suspensions using sonication bath. The dilute suspensions were then spilled onto silicon substrates using a pipette to create single ferromagnetic nanowires. The results of this study have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The concentration of the solutions and the period of time required to dissolve these templates were chosen according to successive experiments. To understand the effect of sonication time on the releasing process, different sonication times were tested. The addition of isopropanol alcohol to the suspension was found to be critical to determine the density distributions of single nanowires deposited on the substrates. Image analysis of a large number of deposited nanowires revealed the presence of individual, chains and bundles of nanowires. These nanowires were found to be homogeneous and cylindrical in shape, adhere to the substrates surface. This was attributed to the electrostatic or magnetostatic forces. This result is very importance in industry and technology sectors, since it allows performing all the nanofabrication processes of magnetic devices with a very high accuracy.

Publication Date

8-1-2017

References

1. Cisternas, E., Faúndez, J. & Vogel, E.E. (2017) "Stabilization mechanisms for information stored in magnetic nanowire arrays" J. Mag. Mag. Mat., 426, 588.

2. Lee, S. W., Jeong, M.-C., Myoung, J.-M., Chae, G.-S. & Chung, I.-J. (2007) "Magnetic alignment of ZnO nanowires for optoelectronic device applications" Appl. Phys. Lett., 90(13), 133115.

3. Sellmyer, D. J., Zheng, M. & Skomski, R. (2001) "Magnetism of Fe, Co and Ni nanowires in self-assembled arrays" J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 13, R433.

4. Nielsch K. & Stadler, B. J. H. (2007) "Handbook of magnetism and advanced magnetic materials: Template-based synthesis and characterization of high-density ferromagnetic nanowire arrays" Edited by Helmut Kronmuller and Stuart Parkin, Volume 4: Novel Materials, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

5. Ester M Palmero, Cristina Bran, Rafael P del Real & Manuel Vázquez (2015)"Vortex domain wall propagation in periodically modulated diameter FeCoCu nanowire as determined by the magnetooptical Kerr effect" Nanotech., 26, 461001.

6. Kunz, A., Reiff, S. C., Priem, J. D. & Rentsch, E. W. (2010) "Controlling individual domain walls in ferromagnetic nanowires for memory and sensor applications" Inter. Confe. Elect. Adv. Appl., 248.

7. Sultan, Musaab S., Atkinson, D. (2016) "Aspect-ratio dependence of magnetization reversal in cylindrical ferromagnetic nanowires" Mat. Res. Expr., 3, 056104.

8. Atkinson, D., Eastwood, D. S. & Bogart, L. K. (2008) "Controlling domain wall pinning in planar nanowires by selecting domain wall type and its application in a memory concept" Appl. Phys. Lett., 92(2), 022510.

9. Lupu, N. (2010) "Electrodeposited Nanowires and Their Applications" Intech., India.

10. Sun L., Hao Y., Chien C. L. & Searson P. C. (2005)"Tuning the properties of magnetic nanowires" IBM J. RES. & DEV., 49(1),79.

11. Hultgren, A., Tanase, M., Chen, C. S., Meyer, G. J. & Reich, D. H. (2003) "Cell manipulation using magnetic nanowires" J. Appl. Phys., 93(10), 7554.

12. Andra, W., Hafeli, Urs, Hergt, R. & Misri, R. (2007) "Handbook of magnetism and advanced magnetic materials: Application of magnetic particles in medicine and biology" Edited by Helmut Kronmuller and Stuart Parkin, Volume 4: Novel Materials, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

13. Nazila Dadvand & Georges J. Kipouros (2007) "Electroless Fabrication of Cobalt Alloys Nanowires within Alumina Template" J. Nanomat., 46919, 6, doi:10.1155/2007/46919.

14. Bryan, M. T., Atkinson, D. & Allwood, D. A. (2006) "Multimode switching induced by a transverse field in planar magnetic nanowires" Appl. Phys. Lett., 88(3), 032505.

15. Allwood, D. A, Xiong, G., Cooke, M. D. & Cowburn, R. P. (2003) "Magneto-optical Kerr effect analysis of magnetic nanostructures" J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 36(18), 2175.

16. Kafil, M. Razzeb, Fernando, M. F. Rhen & Saibal Roy (2009) "Magnetic properties of nickel nanowires: Effect of deposition temperature" J. App. Phys., 105, 083922.

17. Qin, D. H., Wang, C. W., Sun, Q. Y. & Li, H. L. (2002) "The effect of annealing on the structure and magnetic properties of CoNi patterned nanowire arrays" Appl. Phys. A, 74, 761.

18. Aravamudhan S., Singleton J., Goddard, P. A. & Bhansali S. (2009) "Magnetic properties of Ni-Fe nanowire arrays: Effect of template material and deposition conditions" J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 42, 115008.

19. Sultan, Musaab S., Das, Bipul, Mandal, Kalyan & Atkinson, Del (2012) "Magnetic alignment of template released ferromagnetic nanowires" J. Appl. Phys., 112, 1, 013910.

20. Rheem, Y., Yoo, B.-Y., Beyermann, W. P. & Myung, N. V. (2007) "Electro-and magnetotransport properties of a single CoNi nanowire" Nanotech., 18(12), 125204.

21. Yoo, B., Rheem, Y., Beyermann, W. P. & Myung, N. V. (2006) "Magnetically assembled 30 nm diameter nickel nanowire with ferromagnetic electrodes" Nanotech., 17(10), 2512.

22. Golstein, J. I., Newbury, D. E., Echlin, P., Joy, D. C., Romig A. D. Jr., Lyman C. E., Fiori C. & Lifshin E. (1992) "Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis" 2nd edition, Plenum press, New Yourk & London, P 177

. 23. Goodhew, P. J., Humphrey, J. S & Beanland, R. (2001) "Electron microscopy and analysis" 3rd edition, Taylor & Francis, London.

24. Sultan, Musaab S. (2013) "Experimental and micromagnetic study of magnetization behaviour in isolated ferromagnetic nanowires" PhD thesis submitted to Durham University.

25. Sultan, M. S., Das, B., Sen, P., Mandal, K. & Atkinson, D. (2012) "Template released ferromagnetic nanowires: Morphology and magnetic properties" J. Spintron. Magn. Nanomater., 1, 1.

26. Sultan, Musaab S, (2017) "Surface magnetic state of template released isolated nickel nanowires" Int. J. Adv. Technol., 8, 3, 188.

27. Sultan, Musaab S, (2017) "Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires" Amer. J. Nanosci., 3, 3, 30.

28. Sultan, Musaab S., (2017) "Electro and magneto transport behaviour of template released isolated ferromagnetic nanowires" IEEE Trans. Mag., 99, Accepted, DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2017

Share

COinS