Effect of Groundwater Quality on Yield Index and Nutrient Concentration in Stem Plant Tissue of Winter Wheat (Triticum turgidumL.)

Authors

Hemn Othman Salih, Department of Plant Production,Khabat Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic UniversityFollow

How to Cite This Article

Salih, Hemn Othman (2019) "Effect of Groundwater Quality on Yield Index and Nutrient Concentration in Stem Plant Tissue of Winter Wheat (Triticum turgidumL.)," Polytechnic Journal: Vol. 9: Iss. 2, Article 2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v9n2y2019.pp11-15

Document Type

Original Article

Abstract

The Field experiment was conducted at private land in Grdarasha southern Erbil-Iraq to study the effect of 7 water qualities having electrical conductivity of (0.42, 0.50, 1.43, 2.20, 2.60, 5.40 and 5.70) dS m-1 on chemical characteristics and growth of plant and protein percent in wheat grains in winter season of 2015-2016. The crop was cultivated on 11.12.2015 and continued growing to 30.5.2016. The experiment land was equally divided into three plots spaced 75 cm between them. The results showed that weights and lengths of straw and spike were reduced by W.q5 (67.49, 100.01) g and (51.87, 6.30) cm increased with W.q3 treatment (96.58, 139.17) g and (91.08, 10.57) cm respectively; and wheat grains protein percentage was also increased by W.q6 (13.70) treatment comparing with minimum percent of protein by W.q5 (7.26). The data of Irrigation by saline water of W.q7 resulted concentration increasing of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ (7.39, 2.22 and 4.52) mg g-1; while the concentrations of the same elements were 1.54, 0.61 and 1.81 mg g-1 by W.q2 watering respectively. Potassium concentration was the highest (0.16) mg g-1 by W.q2 water compared to minimum level (0.06) mg g-1 with W.q5 irrigation. The watering by W.q5 (0.29) mg g-1 resulted was lower concentration of phosphorus in the plant compared to minimal saline water W.q3 and W.q4 (0.34) mg g-1.

Publication Date

10-30-2019

References

Alani, A. S. K. 2015. The Chemical Composition of Irrigation Water and it is Effect on Ion Pairing, Some Chemical Properties of Soil and Plant Growth, Erbil-Kurdistan Region-Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis. College of Agricultural University of Salahaddin, Iraq.

Al-Azawi, S. S. H. 1986. Effect of Irrigation by Ground Water from Erbil Plain on Soil and Wheat Plant. MSc. Thesis. College of Agriculture. Salahaddin University Iraq, In Arabic, Iraq.

Al-Jobouri, K. K. A. and A. H. R. Al-Dawdi. 2014. Response of bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) to irrigated water quality. Tikrit J. Agric. Sci. 14(2): 85-95.

Al-Omran, A. M., A. R. Al-Harbi, M. A. Wahba-allah, M. Nadeem and A. Aleter. 2010. Impact of irrigation water quality, irrigation systems, irrigation rates and soil amendments on tomato production in sandy calcareous soil. Turk. J. Agric. For. 34(1): 59-73.

Baba, A. B. A. 2010. The Role of Chemical Composition of Some Water Resources in Limiting its Suitability for Irrigation Purpose in Sulaimani Governorate Kurdistan Region. MSc. Thesis. College of Agricultural University. of Salahaddin. Iraq.

Beltran, J. M. 1999. Irrigation with saline water: Benefits and environmental impact. Agric. Water Manage. 40: 183-194.

Dohuki, M. S. S. M. 1997. Evaluation of Some Wells and Springs Water in Dohuk Governorate for Irrigation and Drinking Purpose. M.Sc. Thesis. College of Science University of Salahadin Iraq, in Arabic, Iraq.

Dohuki, M. S. S., M. A. J. Al-Obaidi and A. O. Esmail. 2013. Effect of water quality on growth and yield of (Zea mays L.) in calcareous soil from Erbil provenance in Kurdistan region-Iraq. J. Kirkuk Univ. Agric. Sci. 4(2): 1-9.

Esmail, A. O. 1986. Limitation of Some Ground Water Suitability in Erbil Plain for Different Uses. MSc. Thesis. College of Agriculture Salahaddin Univerdity, Iraq.

Esmail, A. O. 1992. Effect of Composition and Ion Pair in Irrigation Water on Soil and Plant. Ph. D. Thesis, College of Agriculture. Baghdad University, Iraq.

Esmail, A. O. 2001. Role of ionic activity in relation between ionic strength and electrical conductivity of ground water in Arbil plain. J. Dohuk Univ. 4(2): 73-77.

Esmail, A. O. and K. S. Rajab. 2018. Effect of chemical composition of irrigation water on some growth and yield of corn and P-availability in calcareous soil. J. Zankoy Sulaimani. 20(10): 1-20.

Esmail, A. O., K. H. M. Kawa and M. F. Yadgar. 2000. Effect of Mg2+ Ca2+ ratio of irrigation water on the yield and quality of chickpea. Salahaddin Univ. J. Zanco. 11(2): 1-8.

Esmail, A. O., P. M. Maulood and Y. A. Shekha. 2007. Evaluate Kasnazan Impoundment Water for Irrigation Purposes. J. Educ. Sci. 20(2): 47-56.

FAO. 1985. Water Quality for Agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage Paper, Rome Italy. p174.

Feizi, M., M. A. Hajabbasi and B. Mostafazadeh-fard. 2010. Saline irrigation water management strategies for better yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in an arid region. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 4: 408-414.

Haider, Z. M. and Z. M. Hossain. 2013. Impact of salinity on livelihood strategies of farmers. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 13: 417-431.

Heron, C. 2003. Tolerance of citrus rootstock seedlings to saline stress based on their ability to regulate ion uptake and transport. Tree Physiol. 23(4): 265-271.

Hussain, Z., R. A. Khattak, M. Irshad, Q. Mahmood and P. An. 2016. Effect of saline irrigation water on the leachability of salts, growth and chemical composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in saline-sodic soil supplemented with phosphorus and potassium. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 16(3): 604-620.

IBM Corp Released. 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. IBM Corp, Armonk, NY.

Julain, W. 2004. Text Citrus Subtropical Fruits Nutrition and Fertilization. Horticulture Tax as Cooperative Extension.

Kareem, A. S. 2010. Effect of Water Quality and Soil Texture on Some Chemical Properties of Soil and Growth of Corn (Zea Mays L.). High Diploma. College of Agriculture University of Salahaddin, Iraq.

Mam Rasul, G. A. 2000. Effect of Ionic Activity on Classification of Irrigation Water and Availability of Some Nutrients in Sulaimani City. MSc. Thesis. College of Agriculture Sulaimani University, Iraq.

Manai, J., T. Kalai, H. Gouia and F. J. Corpas. 2014. Exogenous nitric oxide (NO) ameliorates salinity-induced oxidative stress in omato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 14: 433-446.

Mohamed, K. H. O., A. H. Abdulwahid and A. N. Obeid. 2007. The effect of irrigation water salinity on growth and concentration of NPK in sour orange (Citrus aurantium L). Seedling. J. Basrah Iraq 20(1): 27-35.

Mohammed, Z. M. and A. Yassen. 2009. Effect of four different water sources on growth and yield for two bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) Kirkuk Univ. J. Sci. Stud. 4(1): 58-71.

Mostafa, M. A., M. O. Elsharawy and F. M. Elboraei. 2004. Use of Sea Water for Wheat Irrigation II. Effect on Soil Chemistry Properties, Actual Evapotranspiration and Water use Efficiency. International Conference, On Water Resources and Arid Environment.

Oscarson, P. 2000. The strategy of the wheat in acclimating growth and grain production to nitrogen availability. J. Exp. Bot. 51(352): 1921-1929.

Ould, A. B. A., T. Yamamoto and M. Inoue. 2007. Response of drip irrigated sorghum varieties growing in dune sand to salinity levels in irrigation water. J. Appl. Sci. 7: 1061-1066.

Persons and Ralph Engineering Company. 1955. Ground Water Resource of Iraq. Hydrology Aspects of Selected Areas. Vol. 4. Development Board, Ministry of Development Governorate. Baghdad, Iraq.

Rajab, K. S. 2015. Classification of Some Groundwater for Irrigation Purpose Depending on IWQI in Erbil Plain Iraqi Kurdistan Region. M.Sc. Thesis. Soil and Water Sciences-College of Agri Salahaddin University, Iraq.

Rhoades, J. D. 1987. Use of saline water irrigation. Water Qual. Bull. 12: 14-22.

Salih, H. O. 2008. The Role of Ionic Activity in Classification of Some Groundwater on Soil Chemical Properties and Wheat Yield in Erbil Plain. M.Sc. Thesis. College of Agriculture University of Salahaddin, Iraq.

Salih, H. O. 2018. Effect of ion pairs and ion activity on calculation of groundwater salinity-potential in different soil depths. Erbil Polytech. J. 8(2): 44-59.

Sharma, D., D. Singh and P. S. Kumbbare. 2005. Response of sunflower to conjunctive use of saline drainage water and nonsaline canal water irrigation. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. 1: 91-100.

Shewry, P. R. 2009. Darwin review wheat. J. Exp. Bot. 60(6): 1537-1553.

Smith, F. P. 1966. Citrus Nutrition. In: Childers, N. editor. Fruit Nutrition. Horticultural Publications, Rutgers University, New Jersey.

Tanji, K. K. 1990. Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston. p615.

Walker, W. R. 1989. Guidelines for Designing and Evaluating Surface Irrigation Systems. Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 45, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.

Yasseen, B. T., J. A. Juries., S. A. Sofajy and J. A. Said. 1989. Effect of NaCl on leaf growth and ionic composition of two barley cultivaes. Mesopotamia J. Agric. 21(1): 19-32.