•  
  •  
 

Corresponding Author

Karwan Yaseen Kareem

Authors ORCID

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5964-2977;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8524-368X

Document Type

Original Article

Abstract

A total of two hundred and eighty eight day old unsexed chicks from a Ross 308 cross were randomly assigned to eight treatment and four replicates and each replicator had twelve birds. The experimental groups includes, N-control= negative control (basal diet), P-control = basal diet + 0.01% Doxin200 (positive control) (w/w), 0.1% Pos+Phy = basal diet + 0.05% thyme oil (v/w) + 0.05% postbiotic, 0.2% Pos+Phy = basal diet + 0.1% thyme oil (v/w) + 0.1% postbiotic, 0.3% Pos+Phy = basal diet + basal diet + 0.15% thyme oil (v/w) + 0.15% postbiotic, and 0.4% Pos+Phy = basal diet + 0.2% thyme oil (v/w) + 0.2% postbiotic. The broiler European index was greatly improved, particularly at levels of 0.3% Pos+Phy and 0.4% Pos+Phy, which corresponded to (385.38) and (351.57), respectively. Growth performance ageneraly improved, significantly heigh of BWG and Low FCR showed in birds fed 0.3% and 0.4% Pos+Phy, and the BW of birds fed compaination significantly (p

Keywords

Probiotics Byproduct; Thyme Oil; Combination of Pos+Phy; Broiler Performance; New Feed Additives

References

[1] Tabashsum Z, Alvarado-Martinez Z, Wall MJ, Aditya A, Biswas D. Combined effect of metabolites produced by a modified Lactobacillus casei and berry phenolic extract on Campylobacter and microbiome in chicken cecum contents. J Food Sci Jun 2023;88(6):2583e94. https://doi.org/10.1111/ 1750-3841.16580.

[2] Abd El-Ghany WA. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics: contemporary and promising natural antibiotics alternatives and their applications in the poultry field. Open Vet J 2020;10: 323e30. https://doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v10i3.11.

[3] Reuben RC, Sarkar SL, Roy PC, Anwar A, Hossain MA, Jahid IK. Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics for sustainable poultry production. World’s Poult Sci J 2021;77(4): 825e82. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2021.1960234.

[4] Ramiah SK, Zulkifli I, Rahim NAA, Ebrahimi M, Meng GY. Effects of two herbal extracts and virginiamycin supplementation on growth performance, intestinal microflora population and fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014;27:375e82. https://doi.org/ 10.5713/ajas.2013.13030.

[5] Kareem KY, Loh TC, Foo HL, Akit H, Samsudin AA. Effects of dietary postbiotic and inulin on growth performance, IGF1 and GHR mRNA expression, faecal microbiota and volatile fatty acids in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2016;12(1):8e17. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0790-9.

[6] Kareem KY, Loh TC, Foo HL, Asmara SA, Akit H, Abdulla NR, et al. Carcass, meat and bone quality of broiler chickens fed with postbiotic and prebiotic combinations. Int J Probiot Prebiot 2015;10(1):23e30. https://www.researchgate. net/publication/275893440.

[7] Loh Teck C, Choe DW, Foo HL, Sazili AQ, Bejo MH. Effects of feeding different postbiotic metabolite combinations produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains on egg quality and production performance, faecal parameters and plasma cholesterol in laying hens. BMC Vet Res 2014;10(1):1e9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-10-149.

[8] Abd El-Hack Mohamed E, El-Saadony Mohamed T, Salem Heba M, El-Tahan Amira M, Soliman MohamedMYoussef Gehan BA, et alAlternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production: types, modes of action and impacts on bird’s health and production. Poult Sci 2022;101: 101696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101696.

[9] Grashorn MA. Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition e an alternative to infeed antibiotics? J Anim Feed Sci. 2010;19(3): 338e47. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66297/2010.

[10] Kryeziu AJ, Mestani N, Berisha S, Kamberi MA. The European performance indicators of broiler chickens as influenced by stocking density and sex. Agron Res 2018;16(2): 483491. https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.18.040.

[11] Oluwayelu DO, Adebiyi AI, Olaniyan I, Ezewele P, Aina O. Occurrence of Newcastle disease and infectious Bursal disease virus antibodies in double-spurred Francolins in Nigeria. J Vet Med 2014:1e5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/ 106898.

[12] SAS Institute INC. SAS/ STAT User’s Guide: VERSION 9.1. (Cary, NC, SAS Institute Inc). 2012. https://support.sas.com/ documentation/onlinedoc/91pdf/sasdoc_91/ets_ug_7314.

[13] Ferdous, Faisal Md, Shafiul Arefin Md, Moshiur Rahman Md, Mustafijur Rahman Ripon Md, Harunur Rashid Md, Rokeya Sultana Mst, et al. Beneficial effects of probiotic and phytobiotic as growth promoter alternative to antibiotic for safe broiler production. Adv Vet Anim Res 2019 September;6(3):409e15. f361. https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2019.

[14] Hussein EOS, Ahmed Shamseldein H, Abudabos Alaeldein M, Suliman Gamaleldin M, Abd El-Hack Mohamed E, Swelum Ayman A, et al. Ameliorative effects of antibiotic-, probiotic- and phytobiotic-supplemented diets on the performance, intestinal health, carcass traits, and meat quality of clostridium perfringens-infected broilers. Animal 2020;10: 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040669.

[15] Hosseini SA, Meimandipour A, Alami F, Mahdavi A, MohitiAsli M, Lotfollahian H, et al. Effects of ground thyme and probiotic supplements in diets on broiler performance, blood biochemistry and immunological response to sheep red blood cells. Ital J Anim Sci 2013;12(1):116e20. https://doi.org/ 10.4081/ijas.e19.

[16] Humam AM, Loh TC, Foo HL, Samsudin AA, Mustaha NM, Zulkifli I. Effects of feeding different postbiotics produced by Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota composition, immunestatus and growthgene expression in broilers under heat stress. Animals 2019;9:644e64. https://doi.org/10.1590/ 1806-9061-2017-0698.

[17] Humam Ali Merzza, Loh TC, Foo HL, Izuddin WI, ZulkifliI, Samsudin AA, et al. Supplementation of postbiotic RI11 improves antioxidant enzyme activity, upregulated gut barrier genes, and reduced cytokine, acute phase protein, and heat shock protein 70 gene expression levels in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2021;100(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.12. 011.

[18] Kareem KY. Effect of different levels of postbiotic on growth performance, intestinal microbiota count and volatile fatty acids on quail. Plant Archives 2020;20:2885e7. http://www. plantarchives.org/SPL%20ISSUE%2020-2/477__2885-2887_.

[19] Kareem KY, Loh TC, Foo HL. Effect of new feed additive on growth performance and immunoglobulin of broilers. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 2021;761(1). https://doi.org/10. 1088/1755-1315/761/1/012110.

[20] Moharreri Mahsa, Vakili R, Oskoueian E, Rajabzadeh G. Phytobiotic role of essential oil-loaded microcapsules in improving the health parameters in Clostridium perfringens-infected broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci 2021;20(1): 2075e85. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2021.1993093.

[21] Placha I, Ocelova V, Chizzola R, Battelli G, Gai F, Bacova K, et al. Effect of thymol on the broiler chicken antioxidative defence system after sustained dietary thyme oil application. Br Poult Sci 2019;60(5):589e96. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00071668.2019.1631445.

[22] Gholami-Ahangaran M, Ahmadi-Dastgerdi A, Azizi S, Basiratpour A, Zokaei M, Derakhshan M. Thymol andcarvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance. Vet Med Sci 2022;8(1):267e88. https://doi.org/10. 1002/vms3.663.

[23] Thorakkattu P, Khanashyam AC, Shah K, Babu KS, Mundanat AS, Deliephan A, et al. Postbiotics: current trends in food and pharmaceutical industry. Foods 2022;11(19):1e29. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11193094.

[24] Abd El-Ghany WA, Fouad H, Quesnell R, Sakai L. The effect of a postbiotic produced by stabilized non-viable Lactobacilli on the health, growth performance, immunity, and gut status of colisepticaemic broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022;54(5):1e11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03300-w.

[25] Regar MN, Tulung B, Londok JJMR, Moningkey SAE, Tulung YRL. Blood lipid profile of broiler chicken as affected by acombination of Feed restriction and different crude fiber sources. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 2019;387:012053. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755e1315/387/1/012053.

[26] Mohammed MY, Kareem KY. A comparison study of probiotic, postbiotic and prebiotic on performance and meat quality of broilers. Tikrit J Agricult Sci 2022;22(4):24e32. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.22.4.4.

[27] AL-Emier Almremdhy HA, Al-Khafaji MA. Drinking thyme extract on growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Indian Vet J 2020;97(4):32e5. https://www. researchgate.net/publication/345683079.

[28] Zaazaa A, Mudalal S, Alzuheir I, Samara M, Jalboush N, Fayyad A, et al. The impact of thyme and oregano essential oils dietary supplementation on broiler health, growth performance, and prevalence of growth-related breast muscle abnormalities. Animals 2022;12(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ ani12213065.

[29] Oberl€ander B, Failing K, Jüngst CM, Neuhaus N, Lierz M, Palau-Ribes FM. Evaluation of Newcastle disease antibody titers in backyard poultry in Germany with a vaccination interval of twelve weeks. PLoS One 2020 August 1e14;15:8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238068. journal.pone. 0238068.

[30] Rehman A, Arif M, Sajjad N, Al-Ghadi MQ, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, et al. Dietary effect of probiotics and prebiotics on broiler performance, carcass, and immunity. Poult Sci 2020;99(12):6946e53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj. 2020.09.043.

[31] Danladi Y, Loh TC, Foo HL, Akit H, Md Tamrin NA, Naeem Azizi M. Effects of postbiotics and paraprobiotics as replacements for antibiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, small intestine histomorphology, immune status and hepatic growth gene expression in broiler chickens. Animals 2022;12(7):917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ani12070917.

[32] Johnson CN, Kogut MH, Genovese K, He H, Kazemi S, Arsenault RJ. Administration of a postbiotic causes immunomodulatory responses in broiler gut and reduces disease pathogenesis following challenge. Microorganisms 2019;7(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7080268.

[33] Chaney E, Miller EA, Firman J, Binnebose A, Kuttappan V, Johnson TJ. Effects of a postbiotic, with and without a saponinbased product, on turkey performance. Poult Sci 2023;102(5): 102607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.102607.

[34] Al-Fayyad Hamdi Abdul Aziz, Naji SAH. Higher Education Press. Poultry Products Technology. Second Editionx. Baghdad University; publication/306485890.

Share

COinS